Wednesday 5 August 2020

The Unfolding Pandemic - July


1 July 2020 – WHO holds a second research and innovation forum to discuss progress and knowledge gaps, and to define research priorities for the remainder of the year.
The total number of cases in Victoria is 2303 with 77 new cases. This is the sixteenth consecutive day of double-digit case growth in Victoria, with a continuing and concerning number of new cases associated with transmission in households and families. There are 63 active cases in New South Wales, that majority are returned internal travellers in hotel quarantine.
2 July 2020 — New Zealand’s Health Minister David Clark resigns after a series of blunders amid the country’s COVID-19 response.
Prime Minister Jacinda Ardern appointed Chris Hipkins as interim Health Minister until the General Election scheduled for 19 September, in the wake of David Clark’s resignation from that role. Megan Woods took on the responsibility for Border Management (Covid response and Quarantine).
Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews announced a Judicial inquiry into Hotel Quarantine program. This follows some cases of coronavirus in Victoria being linked to a breach in hotel quarantine infection control. There were 66 new cases confirmed. A returned traveller to New South Wales tested positive after leaving hotel quarantine in Victoria.
3 July 2020 — Confirmed cases globally surpass 11 million only 5 days after the total reached 10 million. UNITAID and UNICEF agree to an initial purchase of dexamethasone to expand the drug’s access for low-and middle-income countries.
No new cases reported in New Zealand for the 12th day in a row.
108 new cases in Victoria.
4 July 2020 – WHO discontinues the lopinavir/ritonavir treatment arm of the Solidarity Trial after a recommendation from the trial’s steering committee that found the treatment produced little or no difference to patient mortality when compared to standard of care.
A further two postcodes in Victoria are placed in lockdown until 29 July, and nine public housing towers  with 3,000 residents were added, with an additional condition that residents cannot leave the tower under any circumstances for 5 days – possibly longer, raising concerns about residents mental health. 74 new cases confirmed in Victoria.
5 July 2020
At the request of the New South Wales Government, the Federal Government introduced restrictions on the number of passengers arriving at Sydney Airport. A maximum of 50 passengers per flight, and 450 international arrivals per day was set. 127 new cases in Victoria.
6 July 2020 – The US submit their formal notification to withdraw from WHO. UN is reviewing whether they have met the conditions to do so. 239 scientists urge the agency, in an open letter, to recognise the potential for airborne spread of the virus.
127 new cases are reported in Victoria. The New South Wales and Victorian Governments announce their border would close on 8 July. 191 new Victorian cases.
7 July 2020 – Brazilian President Jair Bolsonaro tests positive following months of downplaying the crisis, while cases and deaths from the virus continue to rise. Brazil has the world’s 2nd largest confirmed caseload with 1.7 million cases. Globally there are 11.5 million cases, and 536,000 deaths.
There are 22 active cases in New Zealand. The Government asked Air New Zealand and Singapore Airlines to manage international bookings to New Zealand over the next three weeks to ensure that quarantine facilities are not overwhelmed. Air New Zealand said 5,500 people were booked to travel in the next three weeks.
Premier Andrews announced that metropolitan Melbourne and Mitchell Shire would re-enter lockdown for a minimum of 6 weeks starting at 12am 9 July. 134 new cases in Victoria.
8 July 2020 – Confirmed cases in Africa surpass 500,000, in the past month cases have doubled in 22 countries. WHO say Algeria, Egypt, Ghana, Nigeria, and South Africa account for 71% of cases on the African continent.
165 new cases in Victoria.
9 July 2020 – Former New Zealand Prime Minster Helen Clark and former Liberian President Ellen Johnson Sirleaf will co-chair the Independent Panel for Pandemic Preparedness and Response tasked with evaluating the global response to COVID-19. The panel is expected to deliver an interim report in November and the full report at the World Health Assembly in May 2021. In response to the open letter from scientists, WHO updates a scientific brief on transmission of COVID-19 saying more research is required on airborne transmission.
Lockdown begins for metropolitan Melbourne and Mitchell Shire. 288 new cases in Victoria.
10 July 2020
216 new cases in Victoria. The number of cases in New South Wales number 3,278 the majority of new cases are returning travellers in hotel quarantine. Two new case are linked to the Crossroads Hotel at Casula after they had been there on 3 July.
11 July 2020 – A study in the UK of 90 patients and healthcare workers finds that only 17% of patients retained a potent antibody response to COVID-19 three months later.
The New South Wales Government announced that compulsory hotel quarantine, previously free to international arrivals, would now be charged for from 18 July. Those already in quarantine would not be charged and neither would those who had purchased flights and had a confirmed international arrival date before 11.59pm 12 July 2020 AEST. Victoria reported 273 new cases.
12 July 2020 – WHO received reports of 230.000 new cases, almost 80% are from just 10 countries.
The number of active cases in New Zealand has risen to 25.
177 new cases in Victoria. New South Wales Government urges anyone who has visited the Crossroads Hotel at Casula to be tested after a business person from Victoria tested positive. The total number of cases linked to the hotel is 9.
13 July 2020 – The 2020 State of Food Security and Nutrition in the World report estimates that between 83 million and 132 million people could be pushed into hunger this year, many through job losses amid lockdown measures. Globally cases surpass 13 million.
270 new cases in Victoria.
14 July 2020 – American biotech Moderna publishes interim results from ongoing human clinical trials of its candidate vaccine for COVID-19 finding that it was safe and provoked an immune response in all 45 volunteers.
Because of an increase in new cases the New South Wales Government announced tightened preventative measures reintroducing new requirements for pubs. 238 new cases in Victoria.
15 July 2020 – 75 countries have expressed an interest in joining the COVID-19 Vaccine Global Access Facility – COVAX, which is a mechanism aimed at increasing equitable access to future COVID-19 vaccines.
Prime Minister Ardern released  the Government’s COVID-19 response framework, which would involve localised lock-downs in the event there was another community-wide outbreak of COVID-19.
317 new cases reported in Victoria, the total number of cases in the State have more than doubled in the last two weeks. The total is now 4750.
16 July 2020 – Research  from the Jubilee Debt Campaign finds that $11.3billion in International Monetary Fund loans to countries impacted by the COVID-19 pandemic is effectively enabling those countries to continue paying loans to private lenders rather than tackling their health and economic crises.
428 new cases in Victoria
17 July 2020 – Globally cases of COVID-19 reach 14 million. The UN releases the third updated appeal for the global COVID-19 humanitarian response plan, amounting to $10.3 billion – a more than fivefold increase to the initial $2 billion appeal in March. The issue of reinfection is an active area of research globally. It is known that people infected with the SARS-CoV-2 virus will develop an immune response providing some protection against reinfection, but is not clear how long the protection lasts or whether a person can be reinfected after the immunity wears off.
In New South Wales the number of diners at tables in venues was reduced from 20 to 10 and a maximum number of 3000 are permitted at any venue. Another 217 new cases in Victoria,
18 July 2020 – Confirmed deaths globally surpass 600,000.
Federal Government announced that the scheduled sitting for the first wo weeks of August would  be cancelled after medical advice stated there would be significant risk of members returning to Canberra from all over  the country. The sitting will now start on 24 August. 363 new cases in Victoria. New South Wales saw an increase of 62 new cases.
19 July 2020
Victorian Premier Daniel Andrews announced that wearing masks or face coverings would be mandatory in metropolitan Melbourne from 11.59pm on 22 July. The State of Emergency was extended to 16 August. 275 new cases in Victoria.
20 July 2020 – WHO raises concerns over the spread of COVID-19 among Indigenous peoples of America saying there have been more than 700,000 cases reported in the region and over 2000 deaths. They stress the importance of contact tracing to suppress the transmission of the virus. A new study at Oxford University is showing a promising vaccine candidate. The UK announces it has secured 90 million doses of three promising vaccine candidates in advance.
The number of daily overseas arrivals at Sydney Airport was reduced from 450 to 350 daily. Federal Government announced that the Coronavirus Supplement and JobKeeper subsidy would be extended but in an altered form at a lower level beyond 24 September. 374 new Victorian cases.
21 July 2020 – The Pan American Health Organisation warns that 3 in 10 people in the Americas are at risk of developing severe COVID-19 due to underlying health conditions. The region recorded almost 900,000 new cases and close to 22,000 deaths in the past week. Brazil, Mexico and the United States account for the majority of cases.
Health Minister Chris Hipkins announce the Government would be investing $302 million into health services.
484 new cases in Victoria.
22 July 2020 – Globally cases surpass 15 million.
Visiting aged care/health care settings in Victoria is restricted to carers only and a limit of one hour per day. 403 new cases.
23 July 2020 – Low levels of testing in the Central African region is a serious concern. One of the main challenges is access to testing facilities, for example there are only one or two testing sites in the country of Chad. Globally the WHO reported 247,225 new cases and 7097 deaths in the last 24 hours.
There are 22 active cases in New Zealand, all in Managed Isolation facilities.
300 new cases.
24 July 2020 – 15 lawmakers and 11 parliamentary staff test positive for COVID-19 in Zambia.
357 new cases in Victoria
25 July 2020
No new cases in New Zealand.
There have been 459 new cases in Victoria in the past day and 10 more deaths. The total cases for the State now number 8181, almost doubling again in the last ten days. There are 560 cases linked to aged care facilities, 369 cases are linked to public housing towers. 228 patients are in hospital including 42 in intensive care. In New South Wales this week there have been 81 new cases, most have been locally acquired through community transmission after the initial cluster introduced by an interstate traveller.
26 July 2020 – Vietnam reimposes social distancing restrictions in the city of Danang after confirming locally transmitted COVID-19 cases over the weekend. Cases globally have reached 16 million.
Another 532 new cases were recorded in the last 24 hours in Victoria and 6 deaths.
27 July 2020 – Nearly 15 million children were vaccinated against measles in a 10 day vaccination campaign in Ethiopia according to WHO, it was originally scheduled for April but delayed because of the challenges of conducting a vaccination campaign during the pandemic.
There were 384 new cases overnight and 6 deaths in Victoria.
28 July 2020
There were 295 new cases and 9 deaths in Victoria. 3 new cases are reported in Queensland after 2 residents returned from Victoria and gave false border declarations about their movements.
29 July 2020
Housing Minister Megan Woods announced that some travellers entering New Zealand would have to pay for their 14 day stay in managed isolation. The isolation stay will cost $3100 for the first adult in each hotel room, $950 for each additional adult and $475 for each child sharing the room. Travellers affected by the ruling include New Zealanders who have left the country after the rules came in to effect , those who intend to stay for less than 90 days, and most temporary visa holders with the exception of family members of citizens who were not liable, diplomats, or those in the country for the Christchurch Mosque trial. New Zealanders returning home permanently will be exempt.
A staggering 723 cases were recorded overnight bringing the state total to 9,998. The State Government announced that from midnight 2 August it would be mandatory to wear a face mask outside of homes across the state. Queensland records 3 new cases, two had returned from New South Wales but had not been in a declared hot-spot, the 3rd had returned from overseas. There are now 11 active cases in Queensland including 5 in hospital. Aged care facilities in South Brisbane are not permitted to accept visitors due to the increased risk of COVID-19.
30 July 2020 – Six months after the WHO declared COVID-19 a public health emergency of international concern confirmed cases surpass 17 million globally. In the past 25 days cases on the African continent have almost doubled. The number of cases in the US have now surpassed 4,495,000.
Victoria recorded 627 new cases overnight and a further eight deaths. Queensland records a further 3 cases.
31 July 2020 – COVID-19 Emergency Committee meets again to discuss and review thegloabal pandemic response via videoconference.
There are now 10,931 cases in Victoria, close to 6,000 are active cases. There have been 116 deaths in the state with another 4 recorded overnight and a further 397 new cases. The State of Emergency has been extended until midnight 16 August. There were 17 new cases in New South Wales bringing the state total to 3,584. Queensland have announced that their border is closed to residents of the Sydney Metropolitan area. The Northern Territory have closed their border with Queensland in response to the now 7 new cases in that state.

Total cases globally as of July 31, 2020: 17,396,943 and 675,060 deaths
Total cases in Australia: 17,282, 200 deaths, 10,201 recovered
Total cases in New Zealand: 1212, deaths 22, 1190 recovered
(figures from WHO)


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